what muscle attaches to scapula and cervical spine

Overview

What is the cervical spine?

Your cervical spine — the cervix surface area of your spine — consists of seven stacked bones chosen vertebrae. The outset two vertebrae of your cervical spine are unique in shape and role. Your first vertebra (C1), also called the atlas, is a ring-shaped bone that begins at the base of your skull. It's named subsequently Atlas, of Greek mythology, who held the world on his shoulders. The atlas holds your caput upright. Your second vertebra (C2), also called the axis, allows the atlas to pivot against information technology for the side-to-side "no" rotation of your head.

Your 7 cervical vertebrae (C1 to C7) are continued at the back of the os by a type of joint (called facet joints), which allow for the forward, backward and twisting motions of your neck.

Your cervical spine is besides surrounded by muscles, nerves, tendons and ligaments. "Stupor-absorbing" disks, called intervertebral disks, are positioned between each vertebra. Your spinal string runs through the center of your entire spine. Your spinal string sends and receives messages from your encephalon, which controls all aspects of your body'southward functions.

What does the cervical spine practise?

Your cervical spine has several functions, including:

Protecting your spinal cord. The nerves of your spinal string pass through a large pigsty (called the vertebral foramen) that passes through the center of all of your vertebrae — from the base of your skull through the cervical vertebrae, the thoracic (eye back) vertebrae and ending between the commencement and second lumbar (lower dorsum) vertebrae. Taken together, all the stacked vertebrae of your spine form a protective key canal that protects your spinal cord.
Supporting your caput and allowing move. Your cervical spine supports the weight of your head (boilerplate weight of 10 to thirteen pounds). Information technology also allows your caput and neck to tilt forward (flexion), backward (extension), turn from side to side (rotation) or bend to ane side (ear-to-shoulder; lateral flexion).
Providing a rubber passageway for vertebral arteries. Modest holes in cervical spine vertebrae C1 to C6 provide a protective pathway for vertebral arteries to acquit blood to your brain. This is the only section of vertebrae in the unabridged spine that contains holes in the bone to let arteries to pass through.

What are the other muscles and soft tissues in the cervix?

Other structures effectually or involving your cervical spine include the post-obit:

Muscles supporting your cervical spine

The major muscles that attach to your cervical spine include:

Sternocleidomastoid. This muscle, i on each side of your neck, runs from behind your ear to the front of your neck. It attaches to your breast bone (sternum) and collarbone. This muscle allows yous to rotate your head side-to-side and tilt your chin upward.
Trapezius. This pair of triangular muscles extend from the base of your skull downward your cervical and thoracic spine and out to your shoulder blade. They help tilt your head upwards/move your cervix backward, rotate your head right or left or lift your shoulder blade.
Levator scapulae. This muscle attaches to your outset iv cervical vertebrae and the meridian of your shoulder blade (scapula). It helps elevator your shoulder blade, bend your head to the side and rotate your head.
Erector spinae. Several muscles make upwardly this muscle group. In your cervical spine expanse, these muscles help with posture, neck rotation and backward cervix extension.
Deep cervical flexors. These muscles run downwards the front of your cervical spine. They allow you lot to flex your cervix forward neck and help keep your cervical spine stable.
Suboccipital muscles. These four pairs of muscles connect the summit of your cervical spine with the base of your skull. They allow you to extend and rotate your head.

Ligaments of your cervical spine

Ligaments in your cervical spine connect os to bone to aid to continue your cervical spine stable. Three major cervical spine ligaments are:

Anterior longitudinal ligament. This ligament extends from the base of your skull, down the front of the cervical vertebra. It stretches to resist backward neck move.
Posterior longitudinal ligament. This ligament starts at C2 and extends downwards the back of your cervical vertebrae. It stretches to resist forward cervix motility.
Ligamentum flava. These ligaments line the backside of the inside opening of each vertebra where your spinal cord passes. These ligaments cover and protect your spinal cord from behind.

Disks in the cervical spine

Cervical disks are the "stupor absorber cushions" that sit between each vertebra. A total of six disks are positioned between the vii cervical vertebrae (one between two vertebrae). In addition to cushioning against stresses placed on your neck, the disks allow you to flex and rotate your caput more than hands during activity.

Nerves in the cervical spine

Eight pairs of spinal nerves get out through small openings (foramen) between every pair of vertebrae in your cervical spine. They're labeled C1 through C8. They stimulate musculus move in your cervix, shoulder, arm and manus, and provide sensation.

Cervical nerves C1, C2 and C3 control your forwards, backward and side head and cervix movements. The C2 nerve provides sensation to the upper area of your head; C3 gives sensation to the side of your confront and back of your head.
Cervical nervus 4 controls your upward shoulder movement and is ane of the fretfulness that controls your diaphragm (muscle at the bottom of your rib cage that helps you exhale). C4 provides sensation for parts of your neck, shoulders and upper arms.
Cervical nervus 5 controls the deltoid muscles of your shoulders and your biceps. C5 provides awareness to the upper part of your upper arm down to your elbow.
Cervical nervus 6 controls the extensor muscles of your wrist and is involved in the command of your biceps. C6 provides sensation to the pollex side of your forearm and hand.
Cervical nerve 7 controls your triceps and wrist extensor muscles. C7 provides awareness to the dorsum of your arm into your centre finger.
Cervical nerve 8 controls your hands and gives sensation to the pinky side of your hand and forearm.

Spinal string

Your spinal cord is a parcel of nerve tissue that extends from the lower part of your brain to your torso. It carries messages between your encephalon and the muscles mentioned above.

Oft Asked Questions

What diseases and disorders affect your cervical spine?

Many diseases and conditions event from problems in the cervical spine and the surrounding soft tissues and nerves. These include:

Cervical radiculopathy. This condition arises when a cervical nervus is pinched by cervical vertebrae. You may feel tingling, numbness, weakness and pain. Symptoms may remain local or tin can spread to your entire arm, hand and fingers. Cervical radiculopathy is also called a pinched nerve or cervical nerve compression.
Cervix hurting . Neck pain is a common symptom of many unlike injuries and medical weather condition. Mutual causes include degenerative conditions (osteoarthritis, spinal stenosis, herniated disk, pinched nervus), whiplash, mental stress, physical strain, poor posture, growths (tumors, cysts, bone spurs), meningitis, rheumatoid arthritis and cancer.
Cervical degenerative disk disease . Cervical degenerative disk disease occurs when the disks in your cervical spine wear down.
Herniated deejay . This status is a tear or leak to the disks that provide a absorber betwixt vertebrae. Intervertebral disks allow you to curve and motility with ease.
Bone spurs in your cervical spine (cervical osteophytes). Bone spurs are growths that occur on any of the seven vertebrae in your cervical spine.
Cervical spondylosis . Cervical spondylosis, also called arthritis of the neck, is the age-related slow degeneration of your disks and joints in your cervical spine
Cervical spinal cord injury . A cervical spinal string injury is an injury to your cervical vertebrae. Most spinal string injuries are the upshot all of a sudden, traumatic blow to the vertebrae.
Cervical spinal fracture . A fracture to the basic of your spine can result from compression (often from minor trauma in a person with osteoporosis) or be a flare-up fracture (vertebra that's crushed in all directions) or a fracture-dislocation (mostly from vehicle accidents or falls from heights).
Cervical spinal cord pinch (cervical spondylotic myelopathy ). This is a status in which there's pressure on your spinal cord in the cervical area of your spine. Ane of the nearly common causes is wear and tear on the basic of your spine, a condition called osteoarthritis.
Cervical stenosis . This condition occurs when your spinal canal in the cervical spine expanse narrows. Less infinite within your cervical spine reduces the amount of space available for your spinal string and fretfulness that branch off the spinal string. A tightened space can cause your spinal cord or nerves to become irritated, compressed or pinched.
Cervical spinal tumor and cancer. Tumors are abnormal growths of tissue inside your spinal column. They can either exist noncancerous (benign) or cancerous (malignant).
Meningitis. Meningitis is an infection of the meninges. The meninges are a protective lining effectually your brain and spinal string.
Osteomyelitis. Osteomyelitis is a bacterial or fungal infection of the bone, in this case, the vertebrae of your spine. If left untreated, information technology can lead to the death of vertebrae.

How are diseases and conditions of the cervical spine diagnosed?

Get-go, your healthcare provider will get together your medical and medication history, enquire you lot about your symptoms, perform a physical exam and order tests and imaging studies.

Tests and imaging may include:

Computed tomography (CT) scan . This scan uses X-rays and computers to produce images that are very thin "slices" of the expanse under exam. A CT scan can show the shape and size of your spinal canal, its contents and the bone around information technology. It helps diagnose os spurs, osteophytes, bone fusion and os destruction from infection or tumor.
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) . This test uses a large magnet, radio waves and a estimator to produce detailed images. This scan can reveal problems with your spinal string and nerves exiting the spinal column, spinal degeneration, disk herniation, infections and tumors.
Ten-rays . 10-rays create pictures of your bones and soft tissues, using a small-scale amount of radiation. X-rays can show fractures, disk problems, spinal alignment issues and the presence of arthritis.
Electromyogram (EMG) and nerve conduction studies. An EMG helps evaluate the wellness and function of nerves and muscles. A nerve conduction report measures how fast an electrical impulse moves through your nerve. These tests help determine ongoing nerve damage and the site of nerve compression.
Myelogram . This imaging examination examines the human relationship betwixt your vertebrae and disks, outlines the spinal cord and nerves exiting your spinal column. It shows if such possible things every bit a tumor, os spurs or herniated deejay are pressing against your spinal string, nerves or nerve roots and causing pain, numbness or weakness.
X-rays . 10-rays create pictures of your basic and soft tissues, using a small-scale amount of radiation. 10-rays can evidence fractures, disk problems, spinal alignment problems and the presence of arthritis.

How are cervical spine health bug treated?

Both nonsurgical treatment options and surgery are available to treat many of the conditions that affect the cervical spine. The choice depends on the cause of the cervical spine issue and its severity.

What are the nonsurgical treatment options for cervical spine conditions?

Your healthcare provider may first recommend less invasive approaches for neck hurting that aren't caused by trauma or a tumor. Some mutual nonsurgical handling options include:

Remainder.
Water ice or oestrus.
A soft cervical neckband. A collar helps back up and immobilize your neck.
Fugitive strenuous or aggravating concrete activity.
Physical therapy.
Medications, including muscle relaxants, pain relievers (such as acetaminophen) and anti-inflammatories (such as ibuprofen and naproxen).
Steroid injections. Two specific types of steroid injections may exist considered for neck and/or arm pain. A cervical epidural cake is a procedure in which the steroid is injected into the epidural infinite (the infinite side by side to the covering of youe spinal cord). Cervical facet joint block is a process in which the steroid is injected into the capsule (connective tissue roofing) of the facet articulation (the small-scale articulation at the height and lesser of each vertebra that connects the vertebrae to permit movement).
Medical branch block and radiofrequency ablation. This process is considered in some cases of chronic neck pain. Outset, a local anesthetic is injected into the nerve that supplies the facet joint of the vertebrae. If your pain is relieved, the next step is to make hurting relief permanent. This is done by damaging your nervus with a technique chosen radiofrequency ablation. Pain relief lasts for months. If your nervus regenerates, the pain can return.

How do I know if I'thou a candidate for cervical spine surgery?

You may be a candidate for cervical spine surgery if:

Other treatments aren't helping.
Symptoms involving your spine, artillery and/or legs are worsening.
You're salubrious enough to have surgery.

What surgical treatment options are available for cervical spine atmospheric condition?

Common surgical approaches include:

Cervical spinal decompression surgery

Cervical spinal decompression surgery is a general term that refers to various procedures used to relieve symptoms acquired past pressure, or compression, on your spinal cord or nerve roots. Nerve roots are the commencement segment of a nerve that leaves your spinal cord through the pocket-sized hollows between the vertebrae. Common surgical techniques for decompression include:

Cervical diskectomy. In this process, your surgeon removes a portion of a disk to relieve pressure on the nearby nervus roots.
Cervical laminotomy or laminectomy. In these procedures, your surgeon removes a small-scale office of the bony arches of the spinal culvert, called the lamina. Simply a small section of the lamina is removed in a laminotomy. The unabridged lamina is removed in a laminectomy forth with whatever bone spurs, disk cloth and thickened ligament if needed. Removing the lamina increases the size of the spinal culvert, which relieves pressure.
Cervical foraminotomy or foraminectomy. Both of these procedures are performed to expand the openings for the nerve roots to go out your spinal cord by removing some bone in that area. In a foraminectomy, a large amount of bone is removed.
Cervical corpectomy. In this surgery, your surgeon removes the body of the vertebra (the large front portion of the vertebra), too as the deejay to relieve pressure on the spinal cord. In some cases, this is followed by fusion of the vertebrae (permanently connecting two or more vertebrae) to keep your cervical spine stable.

Cervical deejay replacement surgery

Cervical deejay replacement surgery involves removing a diseased cervical disk and replacing it with an artificial disk. The well-nigh common reason for this procedure is cervical disk degeneration.

Cervical spinal fusion

Cervical spinal fusion is surgery that permanently connects to one or more cervical vertebrae. The surgery eliminates the motility between vertebrae.

Functional electrical stimulation for spinal cord injury

Functional electrical stimulation for spinal string injury. This procedure uses small electrical impulses to activate specific muscles and nerves to restore role to your upper body muscles controlled by cervical nerves.

Is having minimally invasive cervical spine surgery a possibility?

Speak with your surgeon. In many cases, minimally invasive spine surgery is an pick. Compared to the one big incision through your skin with traditional open up surgery, minimally invasive surgery is performed through ane or more smaller incisions. Working through smaller incisions causes much less harm to muscles and soft tissues than a single long incision.

A note from Cleveland Clinic

Your cervical spine is the neck region of your spinal cavalcade or courage. Information technology consists of your first seven bones (C1-C7). Other structures in or around your cervical spine are your intervertebral disks, spinal cord and nerves, muscles, tendons and ligaments. Your cervical spine supports the weight of your head and allows a wide range of head movement. Its circular surround of bone also protects your spinal string. Many diseases and disorders can affect your cervical spine. Fortunately, many nonsurgical and surgical options can treat these conditions.

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Source: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/22278-cervical-spine